Life presumably arose in the primeval oceans (with similar or even greater salinity than
present ocean—Knauth, 1998), so the ancient cells were designed to withstand salinity …

Ion transport is the fundamental factor determining salinity tolerance in plants. The Review
starts from differences in ion transport between salt tolerant halophytes and salt-sensitive …

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride
is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic …

The increasing problem of global land salinisation and associated multibillion dollar losses
in crop production require a better understanding of key physiological mechanisms …

The excess of salts in soils causes stress in most plants, except for some halophytes that can
tolerate higher levels of salinity. The excess of Na+ generates an ionic imbalance, reducing …

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review
provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt …

Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world.
The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and …

Abiotic environmental stresses can give rise to morphological, biochemical and molecular
changes that negatively affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil …

Adaptation to high salinity is achieved by cellular ion homeostasis which involves regulation
of toxic sodium ion (Na+) and Chloride ion (Cl−) uptake, preventing the transport of these …

Background Most of the water on Earth is seawater, each kilogram of which contains about
35 g of salts, and yet most plants cannot grow in this solution; less than 0· 2% of species can …