Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition in which inflammatory responses in the
secondary phase of injury leads to long lasting sensory-motor dysfunction. The medicinal …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severely debilitating problem leading to substantial decrease in
the quality of life. After spinal cord injury, inflammation and oxidative stress plays a key role …

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes continuous neurological deficits and major
sensory‐motor impairments. There is no effective treatment to enhance sensory‐motor …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to constant neurological deficits and long-term
unalterable disability. Apoptosis plays an important role in the initiation of the secondary …

Spinal cord edema is a quick-onset phenomenon with long-term effects. This complication is
associated with inflammatory responses, as well as poor motor function. No effective …

Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord (SCII) often leads to unalterable
neurological deficits, which may be associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress …

Neuropathic pain is a complex condition that usually lasts a lifetime and has a major
negative impact on life after injury. Improving pain management is an important and unmet …

Background and Purpose Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play key roles in
traumatic brain injury. We investigated the protective effects of astaxanthin against traumatic …

Background Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that possesses potent antioxidative, anti-
inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Previous studies have …

Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens
and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain …