Orchids produce dust seeds dependent on the provision of organic carbon by mycorrhizal
fungi for their early development stages. Hence, all chlorophyllous orchids experience a …

For germination and establishment, orchids depend on carbon (C) and nutrients supplied by
mycorrhizal fungi. As adults, the majority of orchids then appear to become autotrophic. To …

Abstract Background and Aims Most fully mycoheterotrophic (MH) orchids investigated to
date are mycorrhizal with fungi that simultaneously form ectomycorrhizas with forest trees …

Partial mycoheterotrophy, the ability of plants to obtain carbon from fungi throughout their life
cycle in combination with photosynthesis, appears to be more common within the Plant …

Partial mycoheterotrophy (PMH) is a nutritional mode in which plants utilize organic matter,
ie carbon, both from photosynthesis and a fungal source. The latter reverses the direction of …

Stable isotope signatures of fungal sporocarps have been instrumental in identifying carbon
gains of chlorophyllous orchids from a fungal source. Yet, not all mycorrhizal fungi produce …

While all members of the Orchidaceae are fully dependent on mycorrhizal fungi during their
achlorophyllous juvenile stages, mature plants may remain fully myco-heterotrophic …

• Premise of the study: In addition to autotrophic and fully mycoheterotrophic representatives,
the orchid family comprises species that at maturity obtain C and N partially from fungal …

The climbing orchid Erythrorchis altissima is the largest mycoheterotroph in the world.
Although previous in vitro work suggests that E. altissima has a unique symbiosis with wood …

Orchid mycorrhiza forms unique symbiotic associations between members of the
Orchidaceae and multiple ecological guilds of fungi. Because orchids associate with a wide …