The ubiquitous signaling nucleoside molecule, adenosine is found in different cells of the
human body to provide its numerous pharmacological role. The associated actions of …

Repetitive behaviors are diagnostic for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and commonly
observed in other neurodevelopmental disorders. Currently, there are no effective …

During development, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate extensively
throughout the spinal cord. However, their migration is restricted at transition zones (TZs). At …

Carbamazepine (CBZ) binds adenosine receptors, but detailed effects of CBZ on astroglial
transmission associated with adenosine receptor still need to be clarified. To clarify …

Sialic acids are typically added to the end of glycoconjugates by sialyltransferases. Among
the six ST8 α-N-acetyl-neuraminide α-2, 8-sialyltransferases (ST8SIA) existing in adult …

G-protein coupled receptors are transmembrane proteins widely expressed in cells and their
transduction pathways are mediated by controlling second messenger levels through …

It has been demonstrated previously that exogenous ketone supplements such as ketone
ester (KE) decreased absence epileptic activity in a well-studied animal model of human …

Adenosine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors involved in a wide range of
physiological and pathological phenomena in most mammalian systems. All four receptors …

Caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, is known to affect sleep–awake cycles, the
stress response, and learning and memory. It has been suggested that caffeine influences …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in
the human genome. Physical association between two different GPCRs is linked to …