Objective To investigate the potential for a causal effect of age at puberty on multiple
sclerosis (MS) susceptibility using a mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods We …

Background and purpose: Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in
multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. Given a potential role for sex hormones in MS, we …

Background: Higher childhood body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an
increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate whether childhood BMI has …

Objective Higher body mass index (BMI) during early life is thought to be a causal risk factor
for multiple sclerosis (MS). We used longitudinal Mendelian randomisation (MR) to …

Background: Although several risk factors are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) in
adulthood, evidence for risk factors acting from birth to adolescence is scarce. Methods: We …

Objective To investigate the association between obesity and multiple sclerosis (MS) while
accounting for established genetic and environmental risk factors. Methods Participants …

Puberty occurs over several years and is a time of major sex hormone changes. These
changes impact many physiological functions including immune system maturation. This …

Background Observational studies have reported an association between obesity, as
measured by elevated body mass index (BMI), in early adulthood and risk of multiple …

Objective: To examine the relationship between 2 markers of early multiple sclerosis (MS)
onset, 1 genetic (HLA-DRB1* 1501) and 1 experiential (early menarche), in 2 cohorts …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the brain and
spinal cord in which focal lymphocytic infiltration leads to the damage of myelin and axons …