Coral reefs are exceptionally biodiverse and human dependence on their ecosystem
services is high. Reefs experience significant direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures …

Coral reefs are subjected globally to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors that
often act synergistically. Today, reversing ongoing and future coral reef degradation …

Shedding light on past trends and current status of coral reefs is essential to establish
appropriate long-term management practices, for the sustainability of coral reefs and local …

Growing consensus exists among scientists that global climate change really is upon us and
is taking an increasingly heavy toll on coral reefs. The scientific literature and conference …

Digital photography is widely used by coral reef monitoring programs to assess benthic
status and trends. In addition to creating a permanent archive, photographic surveys can be …

Coral reefs face an uncertain future and may not recover naturally from anthropogenic
climate change. Coral restoration is needed to rehabilitate degraded reefs and to sustain …

Coral reef monitoring programmes exist in all regions of the world, recording reef attributes
such as coral cover, fish biomass and macroalgal cover. Given the cost of such monitoring …

Marine ecosystems provide critically important goods and services to society, and hence
their accelerated degradation underpins an urgent need to take rapid, ambitious and …

Abstract The Red Sea has long been recognized as a region of high biodiversity and
endemism. Despite this diversity and early history of scientific work, our understanding of the …

Tropical coral reefs are charismatic ecosystems that house a significant proportion of the
world's marine biodiversity. Their valuable goods and services are fundamental to the …