Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that, upon ligation by microbial
molecules, interacts with other proteins to initiate pro-inflammatory responses by the cell …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a receptor on an immune cell that can recognize the invasion of
bacteria through their attachment with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Hence, LPS is a …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern recognition receptor, is activated by
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and induces the MyD88 pathway, which subsequently produces …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are among the first sensors that detect infection and drive immune
response. Macrophages encountering a pathogen are usually stimulated not by one TLR …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) specifically recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate signal
transduction events that modulate host inflammatory responses. Although increasing …

Recognition of microbial danger signals by toll‐like receptors (TLR) causes re‐programming
of macrophages. To investigate kinase cascades triggered by the TLR4 ligand …

Macrophages exhibit a phenotypic plasticity that enables them to orchestrate specific
immune responses to distinct threats. The microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and …

Signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has attracted accelerating attention over the past
decade because of the central role of TLR signaling in both innate and adaptive immunity. In …

The innate immune system senses invariant microbial components via toll-like receptors
(TLRs) to elicit a host defense program against invading pathogens. Lipopolysaccharide …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory
diseases, and endogenous GCs play a key role in immune regulation. Toll-like receptors …