Three-dimensional (3D) and Four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged as the next generation
of fabrication techniques, spanning across various research areas, such as engineering …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows fabricating complex and precise
structures by stacking materials layer by layer. The fabrication method has a strong potential …

Tissue engineering aims to fabricate functional tissue for applications in regenerative
medicine and drug testing. More recently, 3D printing has shown great promise in tissue …

Four dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology with great capacity for fabricating
complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures, providing great potential for tissue and organ …

The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of
biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time …

Abstract 3D printing technologies are a promising and viable means of fabricating replicable
and functional scaffolds capable of promoting tissue regeneration. Printing technologies …

In severe tissue destruction, not only large number of cells are destroyed, but also the
extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a three-dimensional (3D) network that provides …

Recent advances in bioprinting technology have been used to precisely dispense cell-laden
biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies enable not only faster bioconstructs
development but also on-demand and customized manufacturing, offering patients a …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a revolutionary manufacturing
strategy that could realize rapid prototyping and customization. It has revolutionized the …