Primary studies increasingly report information that can be used to provide multiple effect
sizes. Of interest in this study, primary studies might compare a treatment and a control …

In meta-analysis, primary studies often include multiple, dependent effect sizes. Several
methods address this dependency, such as the multivariate approach, three-level models …

This study investigates three methods to handle dependency among effect size estimates in
meta-analysis arising from studies reporting multiple outcome measures taken on the same …

Although dependence in effect sizes is ubiquitous, commonly used meta-analytic methods
assume independent effect sizes. We describe and illustrate three-level extensions of a …

In meta-analysis, dependent effect sizes are very common. An example is where in one or
more studies the effect of an intervention is evaluated on multiple outcome variables for the …

In meta-analysis, study participants are nested within studies, leading to a multilevel data
structure. The traditional random effects model can be considered as a model with a random …

Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are used to study the effects of interventions on
the behavior of individual cases, by making comparisons between repeated measurements …

Multivariate meta‐analyses are used to derive summary estimates of treatment effects for
two or more outcomes from a joint model. In addition to treatment effects, these models also …

Numerous ways to meta-analyze single-case data have been proposed in the literature;
however, consensus has not been reached on the most appropriate method. One method …

Estimation of within‐trial interactions in meta‐analysis is crucial for reliable assessment of
how treatment effects vary across participant subgroups. However, current methods have …