Mitochondrial dysfunction is critically involved in Parkinson's disease, characterized by loss
of dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) in the substantia nigra (SNc), whereas DaNs in the …

Although the mechanisms underlying the loss of neurons in Parkinson's disease are not well
understood, impaired mitochondrial function and pathological protein aggregation are …

The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra leads to a progressive, long-
term decline of movement and other non-motor deficits. The symptoms of Parkinson's …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated
primarily from endogenous biochemical reactions in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum …

Dopamine (DA) neurons of the midbrain are at risk to become affected by mitochondrial
damage over time and mitochondrial defects have been frequently reported in Parkinson's …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of
the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective …

Mitochondria are highly dynamic, multifunctional organelles. Aside from their major role in
energy metabolism, they are also crucial for many cellular processes including …

In neurons, mitochondria are enriched to provide energy and calcium buffering required for
synaptic transmission. Additionally, mitochondria localize to the synapse, where they are …

The core motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributable to the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Mitochondrial oxidant …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a
variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and …