Within the so-called bioliq® process, renewable carbon resources, especially agricultural
residues, are converted to gasoline. The process chain comprises pyrolysis of the …

The production of CO2-neutral fuels is a key technology to achieve the European Union's
targets of greenhouse gas reduction in the transport sector. For a straightforward application …

Synthetic fuels from biomass (also referred to as BTL, biomass to liquids) may contribute to
the future motor fuel consumption to a considerable extent. To overcome the logistical …

A new route is presented as a stepwise upgrading process from black liquor issued from the
kraft process to hybrid gasoline:(i) hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to produce biocrude,(ii) …

The number of annually registered internal-combustion vehicles still exceeds electric-driven
ones in most regions, eg, Germany. Ambitious goals are disclosed with the European Green …

Biofuels of the second generation can contribute significantly to the replacement of the
currently used fossil energy carriers for transportation fuel production. The lignocellulosic …

Fluctuations in the price of oil and projections on depletion of accessible oil deposits have
led to national and international efforts to enhance the proportion of energy derived from …

FCC gasoline is a major component in the total gasoline pool produced in an integrated
refinery, but it contains many compounds (olefins, sulfur and aromatics) which lead to …

Gas to liquids (GTL) is a rapidly emerging technology that converts natural gas into premium
liquid hydrocarbons, such as high-quality diesel fuels and lubricant base oils. GTL facilities …

The concept of integrating chemicals and fuel production into IGCC plants is well-known. In
power production, the producer is confronted with fluctuating power prices due to variations …