Deficits in decoding rewarding (and aversive) signals are present in several
neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction, emphasising the importance …

Dopamine (DA) level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical for reward and aversion
encoding. DA released from the ventral mesencephalon (VM) DAergic neurons increases …

Subtypes of nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons (MSNs) promote dichotomous
outcomes in motivated behaviors. However, recent reports indicate enhancing activity of …

The ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) and its role in mood, reward, and motivation has
been the focus of significant research. Despite this interest, little work has addressed cell …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical element of the mesocorticolimbic system, a brain
circuit implicated in reward and motivation. This basal forebrain structure receives dopamine …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region in motivated behaviors. NAc medium spiny
neurons (MSNs) are divided into those expressing dopamine receptor D1 or D2. Classically …

Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive
changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and …

The reinforcing and rewarding properties of cocaine are attributed to its ability to increase
dopaminergic transmission in nucleus accumbens (NAc). This action reinforces drug taking …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a central role in reinforcement and motivation. Around
95% of the NAc neurons are medium spiny neurons (MSNs), divided into those expressing …

The midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) projection to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is
implicated in motivation and reinforcement. A significant number of NAc medium spiny …