The social ants, bees, wasps, and termites include some of the most ecologically-successful
groups of animal species. Their dominance in most terrestrial environments is attributed to …

The birth-and-death model of multigene family evolution describes how gene families evolve
and diversify through duplication and deletion. The cytochrome P450s are one of the most …

Studying the sublethal effects of agrochemical pesticides on nontarget honeybees (Apis
mellifera) is important for agricultural development. Carbendazim is a widely used broad …

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world and are implicated in the
widespread population declines of insects including pollinators. Neonicotinoids target …

Managed colonies of European honey bees (Apis mellifera) are under threat from Varroa
destructor mite infestation and infection with viruses vectored by mites. In particular …

Abstract The Himalayan giant honeybee, Apis laboriosa, is the largest individual honeybee
with major ecological and economic importance in high-latitude environments. However, our …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster brain is the most extensively investigated model of a
reward system in insects. Drosophila can discriminate between rewarding and punishing …

In 2006, the full complement of DNA sequence information (or 'genome') of the Western
honey bee, Apis mellifera, was published. This important resource was one of the most …

Aphidius gifuensis is a parasitoid wasp that has been commercially bred and released in
large scale as a biocontrol agent for the management of aphid pests. As a highly efficient …

With one of the highest number of parasite, eusocial and pollinator species among all insect
orders, Hymenoptera features a great diversity of speci c lifestyles. At the population genetic …