Proteins are large, complex molecules that functionally regulates almost all cellular and
biochemical processes. As proteins are important component in cell physiology, their …

Before neuronal degeneration, the cause of motor and cognitive deficits in patients with
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and/or frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD) is …

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is a second messenger involved in the Ca 2+
homeostasis. Its chemical instability prompted researchers to tune point by point its structure …

Abstract Voltage‐gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels are crucial for neuronal excitability and
synaptic transmission upon depolarization. Their properties in vivo are modulated by their …

Synaptic vesicles, which are endogenous to neurotransmitters, are involved in exocytosis by
active potentials and release neurotransmitters. Synaptic vesicles used in neurotransmitter …

Methamphetamine addiction remains a major public health concern in the United States that
has paralleled the opioid epidemic. Psychostimulant use disorders have a heritable genetic …

The suitability of a newly developed cell-based functional assay was tested for the detection
of the activity of a range of neurotoxins and neuroactive pharmaceuticals which act by …

The pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete several hormones critical for glucose
homeostasis. The β-cells, the major cellular component of the pancreatic islets, secrete …

The potential toxic risk of a substance on the human nervous system is still mainly
determined in animal experiments, which in some cases lack predictivity for humans …

The synapse is formed between a presynapse (which releases neurotransmitter) and the
postsynapse (which transduces this chemical signal). Over the past decade, presynaptic …