Dystonia is a clinically, genetically, and biologically heterogeneous hyperkinetic movement
disorder caused by the dysfunctional activity of neural circuits involved in motor control. Our …

Primary dystonia is characterized by abnormal, involuntary twisting and turning movements
that reflect impaired motor system function. The dystonic brain seems normal, in that it …

The dystonias are a group of hyperkinetic movement disorders whose principal cause is
neuron dysfunction at 1 or more interconnected nodes of the motor system. The study of …

The hereditary dystonias comprise a set of diseases defined by a common constellation of
motor deficits. These disorders are most likely associated with different molecular etiologies …

The discovery of biological pathways shared between different monogenic dystonias is an
important conceptual advance in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms, with a …

Dystonia, a common and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorder, was recently
defined as “a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle …

Recent decades have witnessed dramatic increases in understanding of the genetics of
dystonia–a movement disorder characterized by involuntary twisting and abnormal posture …

The dystonias are a group of disorders characterized by excessive contraction of muscles
leading to abnormal involuntary movements. The clinical manifestations are very …

Isolated inherited dystonia—formerly referred to as primary dystonia—is characterized by
abnormal motor functioning of a grossly normal appearing brain. The disease manifests as …

Advances in the genetics of dystonia have further elucidated the pathophysiology of this
clinically and etiologically heterogeneous group of movement disorders. Currently, 20 …