Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a central role in a wide variety of joint
diseases. ATP is generated intracellularly, and the concentration of the extracellular ATP …

Connexons form the basis of hemichannels and gap junctions. They are composed of six
tetraspan proteins called connexins. Connexons can function as individual hemichannels …

Purpose of review To discuss current knowledge on the role of connexins and pannexins in
the musculoskeletal system. Recent findings Connexins and pannexins are crucial for the …

This Special Issue relates to the 18th biannual International Gap Junction Conference
(IGJC2017), held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel, Glasgow, UK, from the 29 July–2 August 2017 …

Gap junctions (GJ) provide intercellular communication in all multicellular animal species,
being as evolutionary distant as worm and men. In the traditional view GJs are known as …

A growing body of research has provided evidence that de novo expression of connexin
hemichannels and upregulation of pannexin hemichannels (Cx HCs and Panx HCs …

Abstract Introduction Extracellular ATP (eATP) is released by articular chondrocytes under
physiological and pathological conditions. High eATP levels cause pathologic calcification …

Regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the concerted actions of bone-forming
osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, controlled by osteocytes, cells derived from …

During repetitive stimulation of skeletal muscle, extracellular ATP levels raise, activating
purinergic receptors, increasing Ca 2+ influx, and enhancing contractile force, a response …

Precursor cells of skeletal muscles express connexins 39, 43 and 45 and pannexin1. In
these cells, most connexins form two types of membrane channels, gap junction channels …