To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce
infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were …

The increasing demand for recombinant vaccine antigens or immunotherapeutic molecules
calls into question the universality of current protein expression systems. Vaccine production …

The first scientific attempts to control an infectious disease can be attributed to Edward
Jenner, who, in 1796 inoculated an 8-year-old boy with cowpox (vaccinia), giving the boy …

Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate
immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or …

Vaccination is a key component of public health policy with demonstrated cost-effective
benefits in protecting both human and animal populations. Vaccines can be manufactured …

The last big outbreaks of Ebola fever in Africa, the thousands of avian influenza outbreaks
across Europe, Asia, North America and Africa, the emergence of monkeypox virus in …

Novel approaches to vaccine development include structure-based immunogen design,
gene-based vaccine platforms and formulation of recombinant antigens with potent …

The history of vaccination clearly demonstrates that vaccines have been highly successful in
preventing infectious diseases, reducing significantly the incidence of childhood diseases …

To stop the spread of future epidemics and meet infant vaccination demands in low‐and
middle‐income countries, flexible, rapid and low‐cost vaccine development and …

Classically all vaccines were produced using live or attenuated microorganisms or parts of
them. However, the use of whole organisms, their components or the biological process for …