The long and complex Trypanosoma brucei development in the tsetse fly vector culminates
when parasites gain mammalian infectivity in the salivary glands. A key step in this process …

African trypanosomes, the causative agents of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in
animals, have a complex digenetic life cycle between a mammalian host and an insect …

Background African trypanosomes cause lethal diseases in humans and animals and
escape host immune attack by switching the expression of Variant Surface Glycoprotein …

Early diverging lineages such as trypanosomes can provide clues to the evolution of sexual
reproduction in eukaryotes. In Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen that causes Human …

Trypanosoma brucei ssp., unicellular parasites causing human and animal trypanosomiasis,
are transmitted between mammals by tsetse flies. Periodic changes in variant surface …

Tsetse-transmitted African trypanosomes must develop into mammalian-infectious
metacyclic cells in the fly's salivary glands (SGs) before transmission to a new host. The …

Abstract Background For their transmission, African trypanosomes rely on their blood
feeding insect vector, the tsetse fly (Glossina sp.). The ingested Trypanosoma brucei …

Human African Trypanosomiasis is a devastating disease caused by the parasite
Trypanosoma brucei. Trypanosomes live extracellularly in both the tsetse fly and the …

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense, the causative agents of Human
African Trypanosomiasis, are transmitted by tsetse flies. Within the vector, the parasite …

Trypanosoma brucei evades the immune response of its mammalian host by antigenic
variation in the major surface antigen (the variable surface glycoprotein or VSG). We …