Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (E2) are critical neuromodulators of
hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory in both males and …

Hippocampal plasticity and memory are modulated by the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E
2). Research on the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal E 2 signaling has uncovered …

The potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E 2) has long been known to regulate the hippocampus
and hippocampal-dependent memories in females, and research from the past decade has …

Accumulated studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) can be de novo synthesized in the
hippocampus, and its role in the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which is the …

Recent work suggests that timing of 17β-estradiol (E2) therapy may be critical for observing
a beneficial neural effect. Along these lines, E2 neuroprotection, but not its uterotropic effect …

Little is known about how 17β-estradiol (E2) mediates memory formation in males. In
ovariectomized (OVX) mice, bilateral dorsal hippocampal (DH) infusion of E2 enhances …

Estrogens have long been implicated in influencing cognitive processes, yet the molecular
mechanisms underlying these effects and the roles of the estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) …

The importance of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in mediating the memory-enhancing effects
of the sex-steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) is well established. However, estrogen …

Highlights•Estradiol (E 2) enhances many forms of hippocampal learning and memory.•In
females, rapid E 2 effects are mediated by mechanisms including cell signaling.•Much less …

The surprising discovery in 1990 that estrogen modulates hippocampal structural plasticity
launched a whole new field of scientific inquiry. Over the past two decades, estrogen …