Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease
characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi …

Background and Objectives: Intercellular signaling networks with high complexity cause a
spectrum of mechanisms achieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that still …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by the chronic exposure of the
lungs to toxic particles and gases. These exposures initiate a persistent innate and adaptive …

Lung macrophages (LMs) are essential immune effector cells that are pivotal in both innate
and adaptive immune responses to inhaled foreign matter. They either reside within the …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves chronic inflammation of the lung,
particularly in peripheral airways and parenchyma, which increases during acute …

The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses a
number of injurious processes, including an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs to …

ABSTRACT Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory airway
disease and complicated lung tissue. The airways of patients with COPD contain many …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition which is characterized by
irreversible airway obstruction due to narrowing of small airways, bronchiolitis, and …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show systemic consequences,
such as chronic systemic inflammation leading to changes in the airway, airway …

In smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), various comorbidities
are linked to systemic inflammation and infection-induced exacerbations. The underlying …