Plant adaptive strategies have been shaped during evolutionary development in the
constant interaction with a plethora of environmental factors, including the presence of …

Research activities and data collection of metals present in living organisms are called as
“metallomics”. In metallomics, biomolecules incorporating metal ions viz. metalloenzymes …

Rapid industrial development is responsible for severe problems related to environmental
pollution. Many human and industrial activities require different metals and, as a result, great …

Flavonoids are widely occurring polyphenol compounds of plant origin with multiple
biological and chemical activities. Due to the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups they …

Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic phytochemicals with antioxidant
properties which are overwhelmingly exerted through direct free radical scavenging …

Most metal ions are toxic to plants, even at low concentrations, despite the fact that some are
essential for growth and play key roles in metabolism. The majority of metals induce the …

Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal (loid) s via
SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal (loid) …

Potentially toxic elements are a widespread concern due to their increasing diffusion into the
environment. To counteract this problem, the relationship between plants and metal (loid) s …

Heavy metals are an interesting group of trace elements (TEs). Some of them are minutely
required for normal plant growth and development, while others have unknown biological …

Varied environmental compartments including soils are being contaminated by a myriad
toxic metal (loid) s (hereafter termed as “metal/s”) mainly through anthropogenic activities …