Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a
variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly …

Background Cigarette smoking contributes to lung remodelling in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). As part of remodelling, peribronchiolar fibrosis is observed in …

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that allows an epithelial cell to
acquire a mesenchymal phenotype through multiple biochemical changes resulting in an …

Background Smoking and aberrant epithelial responses are risk factors for lung cancer as
well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In these …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition, frequently with a mix
of airway and lung parenchymal damage. However, the earliest changes are in the small …

Unfortunately, the research effort directed into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) has been disproportionately weak compared to its social importance, and indeed it …

In COPD, matrix remodeling contributes to airflow limitation. Recent evidence suggests that
next to fibroblasts, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition can contribute to matrix …

Background Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is under discussion as a potential
mechanism of small airway remodelling in COPD. In bronchial epithelium of COPD and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of
death worldwide and, in contrast to the trend for cardiovascular diseases, mortality rates still …

COPD is a common and highly destructive disease with huge impacts on people and health
services throughout the world. It is mainly caused by cigarette smoking though …