Introduction: The placenta expresses significant amounts of insulin and IGF1 receptors at
distinct locations on both fetal and maternal surfaces. This makes the IGF1 and the insulin …

Introduction: During gestation, IGF1 secretion and availability in the maternal blood and at
the maternal-fetal interface is mainly regulated by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) such as …

Objective: To determine the effect of pre-existing maternal obesity and gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM) on the circulating levels of insulin growth factor-binding protein (IGFBPs) in …

STUDY QUESTION Does maternal obesity affect insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis protein
expression patterns in maternal and cord blood? SUMMARY ANSWER Maternal obesity …

Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases risk of large for gestational
age neonates and subsequent tracking of excess weight throughout the life course for both …

Background: The maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is considered to be
involved in fetal growth regulation. However, available data linking this system to fetal …

The placenta transports substrates and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulations.
In mice, placental IGF-II is essential for normal placental development and function but, in …

AIM To examine the hypothesis that the maternal insulin-like growth factor system may
constrain fetal growth. METHODS A prospective observational study of maternal serum …

The insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, have an important role in fetoplacental
growth throughout gestation. They have metabolic, mitogenic and differentiative actions in a …

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy and gestational diabetes remain a
considerable cause of pregnancy complications, and fetal macrosomia is among them …