The cardiovascular system requires iron to maintain its high energy demands and metabolic
activity. Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport and storage, mitochondrial function, and …

Iron is a necessary element for life; however, excess iron leads to oxidative stress by the
Fenton reaction. Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure, while iron overload …

Iron metabolism is a balancing act, and biological systems have evolved exquisite
regulatory mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. Iron metabolism disorders are …

Iron is a key micronutrient for the human body and participates in biological processes, such
as oxygen transport, storage, and utilization. Iron homeostasis plays a crucial role in the …

Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for
maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with …

In patients with heart failure, iron deficiency is frequent but overlooked, with a prevalence of
30%–50%. Since it contributes to cardiac and peripheral muscle dysfunction, iron deficiency …

Iron is an element necessary for cells due to its capacity of transporting oxygen and
electrons. One of the important co-morbidities in heart failure is iron deficiency. Iron has …

Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a major cause of death in patients with diseases
associated with chronic anemia such as thalassemia or sickle cell disease after chronic …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to comprehensively delineate iron metabolism and its
implications in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Background: Iron deficiency is an …

To date, 3 clinical trials have shown symptomatic benefit from the use of intravenous (IV) iron
in patients with heart failure (HF) with low serum iron. This has led to recommendations in …