Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal for biodiversity conservation, particularly in developing
countries. However, success in achieving their objectives is variable. The reasons for the …

Protected areas (PAs) play an important role in biodiversity conservation and the
implementation of ambitious multilateral environmental agreements, like the 2010 targets of …

Operational, financial and conceptual issues hinder protected area (PA) conservation goals,
particularly in mega‐diverse countries where highly impoverished human communities live …

Understanding the successes and failures of management of protected areas is vital for the
conservation of global biodiversity. The Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) is …

Maintaining and improving the state of biodiversity is a primary factor guiding management
activities in conservation areas, including protected areas (PAs) and other effective area …

It is widely recognized in science, policy, and practice that protected areas (PAs) that are
equitably and effectively managed are essential for halting biodiversity loss. However, our …

Protected areas (PAs) are globally important environmental management tools against the
effects of human activities, as they support the conservation of marine biodiversity, habitats …

Protected areas aim to conserve nature, ecosystem services, and cultural values in a
changing environment. Three decades of terrestrial and marine protected area expansion …

Establishment of protected areas (PAs) is one of the key global conservation strategies that
currently cover approximately 15% of the earth's land surface. Globally, PA networks are …

Sustainable development requires improvement of both the quantity and quality of protected
areas (PAs). This paper reviews the assessments of PAs' effectiveness and provides further …