This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the varied climate changes witnessed
during mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic Eon. Climate shifts during mass extinctions have …

Flood basalts were Earth's largest volcanic episodes that, along with related intrusions, were
often emplaced rapidly and coincided with environmental disruption: oceanic anoxic events …

Volcanic super-eruptions have been theorized to cause severe global cooling, with the 74
kya Toba eruption purported to have driven humanity to near-extinction. However, this …

Earth scientists have long sought universal features of past extinction crises. It can be
argued that each past extinction event was a singularity, caused by combinations of …

Abstract Late Ordovician–Early Silurian bentonites and shales are widely distributed in the
western Yangtze plate, South China. This study is to use these rocks to examine the …

Sixty-six million years ago, an asteroid approximately 9 km in diameter hit the hydrocarbon-
and sulfur-rich sedimentary rocks in what is now Mexico. Recent studies have shown that …

Climate change is a critical factor affecting biodiversity. However, the quantitative
relationship between temperature change and extinction is unclear. Here, we analyze …

Volcanic eruptions affect the hydrological cycle as well as temperatures. In this issue, Iles et
al.(p. 56) show that global rainfall decreases by up to 0.04-0.05 mm per day following large …

As SCIENTISTS AND POLITICIANS anxiously eye signs of global greenhouse warming,
climatologists are finding the best evidence yet that a massive volcanic eruption can …

The rate of global mean surface temperature (GMST) warming has slowed this century
despite the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. Climate model experiments …