The health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb 2+, are increasingly
concerning the public. Pb 2+ can cause significant harm to the human body through …

Lead (Pb) is a critical industrial and environmental contaminant that can cause
pathophysiological changes in several cellular and organ systems and their processes …

Lead (Pb), as a heavy metal that is easily exposed in daily life, can cause damage to various
systems of body. Apoptosis is an autonomous cell death process regulated by genes in …

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death is a highly regulated and fundamental
process found in all multicellular organisms. It is not only implicated in regulatory …

Lead (Pb) is an environmental oncogenic metal that induces immunotoxicity and anaemia.
Emerging evidence has linked Pb toxicity with endoplasmic reticulum-driven apoptosis and …

Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), plays a critical
role in various biological processes, such as tissue injury/repair, development, and …

Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent cell death induced by a failure of the lipid repair
protein GPX4 or the Xc-antiporter, which is essential for glutathione production. Some heavy …

Parthanatos is a newly discovered form of PARP-1-dependent programmed cell death. It has
been reported to play an important role in several cancer or tumour cells; however, few …

Lead is a heavy metal pollutant that is widely present in the environment. It affects every
organ system, yet the nervous system appears to be the most sensitive and primary target …

Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb2+), are usually accumulated in human bodies and impair
human's health. Lead is a metal with many recognized adverse health side effects and yet …