Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Replicated international studies have underscored the human and societal costs associated
with major depressive disorder. Despite the proven efficacy of monoamine-based …

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of
disability. While there continues to be expansive research in posttraumatic stress disorder …

Background Ketamine appears to have a therapeutic role in certain mental disorders, most
notably depression. However, the comparative performance of different formulations of …

The emerging therapeutic efficacy of ketamine and classical psychedelics for depression
has inspired tremendous interest in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. We review …

Atrophy of neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of
depression and related disorders. The ability to promote both structural and functional …

Ketamine, a racemic mixture consisting of (S)-and (R)-ketamine, has been in clinical use
since 1970. Although best characterized for its dissociative anesthetic properties, ketamine …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subset of Major Depressive Disorder
which does not respond to traditional and first-line therapeutic options. There are several …

Ketamine is a promising therapeutic option in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The
acute efficacy of ketamine in TRD has been demonstrated in replicated randomised …

Abstract Treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD) need to be improved.
Presently, no clinically relevant tools have been established for stratifying subgroups or …