Despite many migraine-specific treatments that became available over the past 5 years,
many patients still suffer from debilitating migraine. Emerging and future directions of …

Objective.—The aim of this study was to evaluate if 2 functional endothelial nitric oxide
synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms might be risk factors for migraine. Background …

Sensitization and activation of the trigeminal ganglia have been implicated in the pathology
of migraine. Satellite glial cells (SGCs), a specialized type of glial cells that ensheathe …

Nonetheless, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers attenuate neuropathic
pain (NP), the exact molecular mechanisms of this effect are not completely understood. The …

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cocoa bean preparations were first used by
the ancient Maya and Aztec civilizations of South America to treat a variety of medical …

Elevated nitric oxide (NO) and proton levels in synovial fluid are implicated in joint
pathology. However, signaling pathways stimulated by these molecules that mediate …

Background/Objectives Many biochemical, pharmacological, neuropathological, and
experimental data suggest a possible role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of migraine. We …

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in migraine has been studied in the experimental glyceryl
trinitrate (GTN)-infusion headache model. We hypothesized that GTN-induced headache …

We have previously shown that capsaicin, noxious heat, protons and potassium ions (K+)
induce a graded, calcium-and receptor-dependent increase of immunoreactive calcitonin …

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is regarded as a key mediator in the generation of
primary headaches. CGRP receptor antagonists reduce migraine pain in clinical trials and …