Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic
microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant …

Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis and for plant immunity against microbial
pathogens. Here we identify a haustorium-specific protein (Pst_12806) from the wheat stripe …

Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones.
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in the …

Plants can develop an enhanced defensive capacity in response to infection by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This 'mycorrhiza-induced resistance'(MIR) provides systemic …

Live-cell imaging assisted by fluorescent markers has been fundamental to understanding
the focused secretory'warfare'that occurs between plants and biotrophic pathogens that feed …

Plant infections caused by fungi are often associated with an increase in the pH of the
surrounding host tissue 1. Extracellular alkalinization is thought to contribute to fungal …

Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants
through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid …

Fungal plant pathogens secrete effector molecules to establish disease on their hosts, and
plants in turn use immune receptors to try to intercept these effectors. The tomato immune …