Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

How enhancers activate their distal target promoters remains incompletely understood. Here
we dissect how CTCF-mediated loops facilitate and restrict such regulatory interactions …

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA elements that comprise almost 50% of
mammalian genomic sequence. TEs are capable of making additional copies of themselves …

In eukaryotes, higher-order chromatin organization is spatiotemporally regulated as
domains, for various cellular functions. However, their physical nature in living cells remains …

Diverse cell types in tissues have distinct gene expression programs, chromatin states, and
nuclear architectures. To correlate such multimodal information across thousands of single …

Chromatin folds into dynamic loops that often span hundreds of kilobases and physically
wire distant loci together for gene regulation. These loops are continuously created …

Recent progress in whole-genome mapping and imaging technologies has enabled the
characterization of the spatial organization and folding of the genome in the nucleus. In …

The complex and dynamic three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus
makes understanding the control of gene expression challenging, but also opens up …

In eukaryotic cells, protein and RNA factors involved in genome activities like transcription,
RNA processing, DNA replication, and repair accumulate in self-organizing membraneless …