Over 2 years have passed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has claimed
millions of lives. Unlike the early days of the pandemic, when management decisions were …

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a serious complication of sepsis with high mortality
but no effective treatment. The renin angiotensin (Ang) aldosterone system (RAAS) is …

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor
clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin …

Antagonists of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), including ACEIs
(angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers), may …

Background There is no available viable treatment for Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy
(SIC), a common sepsis complication with a higher fatality risk. The septic patients showed …

Objectives: Identify the mechanism of action of both categories of calcium channel blockers.
Review the approved and off-label indications for various calcium channel blockers …

Background and aims Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effects of
renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Sepsis is an extensive life‐threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response
that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress and terminates at …

Background and aim Sepsis is associated with marked alterations in hemodynamic
responses, autonomic dysfunction and impaired vascular function. However, to our …

OBJECTIVES: Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a major contributor to morbidity and
mortality in critically ill patients. Mechanical damage to the lungs is potentially aggravated by …