Melanin pigment plays a critical role in the protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet
radiation and other environmental stressors. It is produced by the enzymatic transformation …

The melanin pigments eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM), which are dark brown to
black and yellow to reddish-brown, respectively, are widely found among vertebrates. They …

Melanin, a widely distributed pigment found in various organisms, possesses distinct
structures that can be classified into five main types: eumelanin (found in animals and …

It is generally considered that eumelanin (EM) is photoprotective while pheomelanin (PM) is
phototoxic. A recent study using a mouse model demonstrated that PM produces reactive …

Melanin is one the most common biological pigments. In humans, specialized cells called
melanocytes synthesize the pigment from tyrosine and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine via …

A unique feature of nanoparticles for bio-application is the ease of achieving multi-
functionality through covalent and non-covalent functionalization. In this way, multiple …

Melanins are a class of biopolymers that are widespread in nature and have diverse origins,
chemical compositions, and functions. Their chemical, electrical, optical, and paramagnetic …

The biochemical pathway regulating the synthesis of yellow/red pheomelanin is less well
characterized than the synthesis of black/brown eumelanin. Inhibitor of gold (IG phenotype) …

It is known that melanin pigments composed of black to dark brown eumelanin (EM) and
yellow to reddish-brown pheomelanin (PM) are widely distributed in vertebrates. Melanin …

Pheomelanin is responsible for enhancing UV sensitivity and its proton transfer (PT) process
is crucial to reveal the complex mechanisms of pheomelanin phototoxicity. Nahhas et al …