In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Tumor immunotherapy is only effective in a fraction of patients due to a low response rate
and severe side effects, and these challenges of immunotherapy in clinics can be addressed …

Conventional chemotherapeutics have been developed into clinically useful agents based
on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells, generally owing to their elevated …

The successful clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric
antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapeutics has attracted extensive attention to …

Autophagy is a regulated mechanism that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular
components and recycles metabolic substrates. In response to stress signals in the tumour …

Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune
response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient …

Background Immunotherapy represents the future of clinical cancer treatment. The type of
cancer cell death determines the antitumor immune response and thereby contributes to the …

New therapies that promote antitumour immunity have been recently developed. Most of
these immunomodulatory approaches have focused on enhancing T-cell responses, either …

Cancer immunotherapies that train or stimulate the inherent immunological systems to
recognize, attack, and eradicate tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy cells have …

Radiation therapy (RT) is responsible for at least 40% of cancer cures, however treatment
resistance remains a clinical problem. There have been recent advances in understanding …