Phages are the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth and exert specific
effects on bacterial hosts. The coexistence of phages and bacteria in the intestinal tract is …

Bacteria-infecting viruses (phages) and their hosts maintain an ancient and complex
relationship. Bacterial predation by lytic phages drives an ongoing phage-host arms race …

An important challenge relating to clinical diagnostics of the foodborne pathogen Shiga toxin-
producing E. coli (STEC), is that PCR-detection of the shiga-toxin gene (stx) in DNA from …

Molecular methods may reveal the presence of pathogens in samples through the detection
of specific target gene (s) associated with microorganisms, but often, the subsequent cultural …

Shiga toxin (Stx) released by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes life-
threatening illness. Its production and release require induction of Stx-encoding prophage …

The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
(EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence …

General cheese manufacturing involves high temperatures, fermentation and ripening steps
that function as hurdles to microbial growth. On the other hand, the application of several …

Ribosomes that synthesize proteins are among the most central and evolutionarily
conserved organelles. Given the key role of proteins in cellular functions, prokaryotic and …

Shiga toxin-producing strains represent pathogenic group that is of concern in food
production. The present study evaluated forty-eight E. coli isolates (11 with intact stx gene …

ABSTRACT AB 5-type toxins are a group of secreted protein toxins that are central virulence
factors for bacterial pathogens such as Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, Bordetella …