Over the last decade, there has been a flurry of research on adjuvants for vaccines, and
several novel adjuvants are now in licensed products or in late stage clinical development …

Many different bacterial species have the ability to cause an infection of the bovine
mammary gland and the host response to these infections is what we recognize as mastitis …

Sepsis, resulting from uncontrolled inflammatory responses to bacterial infections, continues
to cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, effective sepsis treatments are …

Innate immune responses to vaccine adjuvants based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a
component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, are driven by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and …

Since the advent of penicillin, humans have known about and explored the phenomenon of
bacterial inhibition via antibiotics. However, with changes in the global environment and the …

Host defense against many invading Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) depends on innate
immune recognition of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), unique surface glycolipids of …

Omp85 is a protein found in Gram‐negative bacteria where it serves to integrate proteins
into the bacterial outer membrane. Members of the Omp85 family of proteins are defined by …

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is highly infectious
and potentially lethal. Several subspecies exist of varying pathogenicity. Infection by only a …

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the receptors of innate immunity. It is activated by
Pathogen-and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and triggers …

Potent TLR4-dependent cell activation by Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins depends on
sequential endotoxin-protein and protein-protein interactions with LPS-binding protein …