Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of left heart disease and
parenchymal lung disease, and it portends increased mortality. A growing number of …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a diverse group of disorders characterized by
inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. 1 The various forms of ILD can be …

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical syndrome characterized
by upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis manifested by exercise hypoxemia …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a broad and heterogeneous group of more than
two hundred diseases with common functional characteristics. Their diagnosis and …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-known complication of sarcoidosis, defined by a
mean pulmonary artery pressure of≥ 25 mm Hg. Since both PH and sarcoidosis are rare …

Abstract Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a severe parenchymal lung disease
characterized by an intense deposition of collagen in the interstitial spaces. The introduction …

The presence of rare comorbidities in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents a
diagnostic challenge to cardiologists. In evaluating these patients, cardiologists are faced …

Background This study aimed to analyze the literature systematically to determine the
clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) with …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive parenchymal scarring,
leading to dyspnoea, respiratory failure and premature death. Although IPF is confined to the …

Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognised complication of interstitial
lung diseases (ILD), which worsens prognosis and impairs exercise capacity …