History suggests β agonists, the cognate ligand of the β 2 adrenoceptor, have been used as
bronchodilators for around 5,000 years, and β agonists remain today the frontline treatment …

Bronchodilators are central in the treatment of of airways disorders. They are the mainstay of
the current management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are critical in …

Allergic diseases are complex genetic diseases resulting from the effect of multiple genetic
and interacting environmental factors on their pathophysiology. Recent years have seen …

Summary Background The Single combination budesonide–formoterol inhaler Maintenance
And Reliever Therapy (SMART) regimen reduces severe asthma exacerbations in patients …

Pharmacogenetics is being used to develop personalized therapies specific to subjects from
different ethnic or racial groups. To date, pharmacogenetic studies have been primarily …

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of inhaled long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists in
asthmatic patients with the B16-Arg/Arg genotype has been questioned, and the use of …

Achieving asthma control remains an elusive goal for the majority of patients worldwide.
Ensuring a correct diagnosis of asthma is the first step in assessing poor symptom control; …

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways characterized by inflammation, tightened
muscles, and thickened airway walls leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest …

Background Some studies suggest that patients with asthma who are homozygous for
arginine at the 16th aminoacid position of the β 2-adrenergic receptor (B16 Arg/Arg) benefit …

BACKGROUND: This is the first large pharmacogenetic investigation of the inflammatory IL-
4/IL-13 pathway in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. We analyzed genomic DNA …