Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly
polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous vesicles secreted by living
cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes as intermediaries …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry diverse bioactive components including nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids and metabolites that play versatile roles in intercellular and interorgan …

Background Periodontitis is characterized by progressive inflammation and alveolar bone
loss resulting in tooth loss finally. Macrophages including pro-inflammatory M1-like …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

The intestinal microbiota influences mammalian host physiology in health and disease
locally in the gut but also in organs devoid of direct contact with bacteria such as the liver …

Extracellular communication, in other words, crosstalk between cells, has a pivotal role in
the survival of an organism. This communication occurs by different methods, one of which is …

Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles originating from the endosomal system that carry
many macromolecules from their parental cells and play important roles in intercellular …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has overtaken infectious illnesses as the leading cause of
mortality and disability worldwide. The pathology that underpins CVD is atherosclerosis …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which lipids accumulate on the walls of blood
vessels, thickening and clogging these vessels. It is well known that cell-to-cell …