▪ Abstract Of the thousands of species of microalgae that form the base of the marine food
chain, only a small number are toxic or harmful. However, when these toxic species …

Background At the beginning of autumn, 1996, fish with" punched-out" skin lesions and
erratic behaviour associated with exposure to toxins produced by Pfiesteria piscicida or …

(HABs). Dr. Fleming is an occupational and environmental health physician and
epidemiologist; she is an Associate Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Public …

The genus Pfiesteria includes two toxigenic species, Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria
shumwayae, that are thinly thecate dinoflagellates with apparently cosmopolitan distribution …

In the summer and fall of 1997, in the mid-Atlantic region, illness in fish and humans caused
by a toxic dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida (the" fish killer")(figure 1), became one of the …

An association between human illness and exposure to Pfiesteria was first observed among
laboratory personnel working with the microorganism. In 1997, in the setting of Pfiesteria …

A variety of human symptoms have been associated with exposure to the dinoflagellate
Pfiesteria and have been grouped together into a syndrome termed" possible estuary …

Articles to be exposed to the toxin through one of the two routes: inhalation of aerosolized
vapors or dermal contact with the toxic water. The neural mechanisms underlying the …

Atlantic coast estuaries recently have experienced fish kills and fish with lesions attributed to
Pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates. Human health effects have been reported …

While there are a number of coastal microorganisms that can cause infections of the skin,
there are many that can cause skin problems that are noninfectious in nature. From …