The fungal symbionts forming ectomycorrhizas, as well as their associated bacteria, benefit
forest trees in a number of ways although the most important is enhancing soil nutrient …

Mycorrhizal fungi are responsible for most nutrient uptake by the majority of land plants. As
such, mycorrhizas are increasingly recognized as important drivers of terrestrial ecosystem …

Human societies depend on an Earth system that operates within a constrained range of
nutrient availability, yet the recent trajectory of terrestrial nitrogen (N) availability is uncertain …

Ground-level ozone (O3) has gained awareness as an agent of climate change. In this
respect, key results are comprehended from a unique 8-year free-air O3-fumigation …

Research directions from the 27th conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate
Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems (2015) reflect knowledge advancements about (i) …

Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas.
Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated …

We studied the colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi and species abundance of a hybrid
larch (F 1) under elevated CO 2 and O 3. Two-year-old seedlings were planted in an Open …

This report provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the effects of ground-level ozone
on ecosystem services and biodiversity. Ecosystems provide an array of services upon …

The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3)
concentrations has affected forest ecosystems both above and below ground. A high dose of …

Databases are needed for the ozone (O 3) risk assessment on adult forest trees under stand
conditions, as mostly juvenile trees have been studied in chamber experiments. A synopsis …