Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as
reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly …

The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the
world—attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These …

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and
memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both …

Stress negatively affects cognitive performance. Probiotics remediate somatic and
behavioral stress responses, hypothetically by acting on the gut microbiota. Here, in …

Abstract Rationale Vaccines save lives. Despite the undisputed value of vaccination,
vaccine hesitancy continues to be a major global challenge, particularly throughout the …

Purpose Drawing upon the job-demands resources and the job demands-control-support
model, the authors examined the buffering effect of health-oriented leadership (HoL) in …

Early life stress (ELS) is a well-established risk factor for many psychiatric and medical
disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs). The relationship between ELS and …

Working memory requires maintenance of and executive control over task-relevant
information on a timescale of seconds. Spatial working memory depends on interactions …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder generally characterized by
symptoms associated with mood, pleasure and effectiveness in daily life activities. MDD is …

Risk for stress-sensitive psychopathologies differs in men and women, yet little is known
about sex-dependent effects of stress on cellular structure and function in corticolimbic …