Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

The extensive use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in new electric vehicles has effectively
alleviated the problems of insufficient oil and gas resources and environmental pollution. It is …

The complexity of chemical compounds in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) results in great
difficulties in the extraction of multiple transition metals, which have similar physicochemical …

The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs)
consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly used in transportation, portable electronic
devices and energy storage, with the number of spent LIBs increasing year by year. The …

Recycling lithium from spent batteries is challenging because of problems with poor purity
and contamination. Here, we propose a green and sustainable lithium recovery strategy for …

The critical supply of materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become highly vulnerable
to epidemics and geopolitical influences, highlighting the importance of independent and …

The electrification of transportation in the past few decades has sparked the retirement of
lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) which hinders sustainability derived from environmental impact …

Heavy metals (HMs) and rare earth elements (REEs) are used in a wide range of industrial
and technological applications, but they can also have harmful effects on the environment …

The prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) globally could generate a huge number of spent Li-
ion batteries (LIBs) as they reach their end of life. It is expected that by 2030, 11 million …