Abstract The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was thought to have a central role in T cell–
mediated responses in inflammation for more than a decade after it was first identified …

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized
by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG …

The induction and action of type I interferon (IFN) is of fundamental importance in human
immune defenses toward microbial pathogens, particularly viruses. Basic discoveries within …

The causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), M ycobacterium tuberculosis, is an obligate
pathogen that evolved to exclusively persist in human populations. For M. tuberculosis to …

Inherited IL-12Rβ1 and TYK2 deficiencies impair both IL-12–and IL-23–dependent IFN-γ
immunity and are rare monogenic causes of tuberculosis, each found in less than 1/600,000 …

This paper reviews the developments that have occurred in the field of human genetics of
infectious diseases from the second half of the 20th century onward. In particular, it stresses …

Objectives To evaluate the risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) treated with tofacitinib. Methods Phase II, III and long-term extension clinical …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of Tuberculosis (TB), infects one third of the world's
population and causes substantial mortality worldwide. In its shortest format, treatment of TB …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and a few related
mycobacteria, is a devastating disease, killing more than a million individuals per year …

Tuberculosis is an ancient human disease, estimated to have originated and evolved over
thousands of years alongside modern human populations. Despite considerable advances …