Abstract Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the recognition of conserved
microbial structures, leading to activation of an inflammatory response and formation of an …

Host genetic factors have frequently been implicated in respiratory infectious diseases, often
with inconsistent results in replication studies. We identified 386 studies from the total of …

Mycobacterium africanum is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)
and an important cause of human tuberculosis in West Africa that is rarely observed …

Paratuberculosis, or Johne's Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting
ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This organism …

Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have an increased risk for tuberculosis
(TB). The use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and glucocorticoids in these patients …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects two billion people across the globe, and results in 8–9
million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1–1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have …

A major problem with tuberculosis (TB) control is the long duration of drug therapy–both for
latent and for active TB. Therapeutic vaccination has been postulated to improve this …

Inborn errors of the intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as the innate and adaptive
mucosal immune responses toward the intestinal microbiota are a group of genetic …

Human alveolar macrophages (HAM) are primary bacterial niche and immune response
cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection, and human blood monocyte …

Although epidemiological evidence suggests a human genetic basis of pulmonary
tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility, the identification of specific genes and alleles influencing …