Musculoskeletal pain is a challenging condition for both patients and physicians. Many
adults have experienced one or more episodes of musculoskeletal pain at some time of their …

Abstract Objectives The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of
Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) sought to revisit the …

The opioid epidemic has resulted from myriad causes and will not be solved by any simple
solution. Consequent to a staggering increase in opioid-related deaths in the USA, various …

BACKGROUND: Chronic spinal pain is the most prevalent chronic disease with employment
of multiple modes of interventional techniques including epidural interventions. Multiple …

Medical pain management is in crisis; from the pervasiveness of pain to inadequate pain
treatment, from the escalation of prescription opioids to an epidemic in addiction, diversion …

Importance Risk of opioid use disorder, overdose, and death from prescription opioids
increases as dosage, duration, and use of extended-release and long-acting formulations …

Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

Introduction From 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder has been
used as the simple and valuable pain-relieving guidance in the pharmaceutical pain …

Abstract Purpose of Review Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a musculoskeletal pain
condition that stems from localized, taut regions of skeletal muscle and fascia, termed trigger …

Abstract Purpose of Review Many studies have demonstrated that discogenic low back pain
is the most common type of chronic low back pain (CLBP), one of the major causes of …