Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the most common pituitary tumors and the
second most common brain tumors. Although the vast majority (> 90%) are benign, a small …

The advances in cancer therapy have included the development of drugs that inhibit
immune checkpoint ligands. Two types of immune checkpoint inhibitors, both antibodies that …

Purpose Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency is a rare disease; however, since
immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have become widely used, many more cases have …

Hypophysitis is a frequent toxic endocrine side-effect of immunotherapy. Prevalence is
higher with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (4–20%) or in association with PD-1 inhibitors (8%) …

Pembrolizumab, or anti-programmed death receptor 1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint
inhibitor that can cause immune-related adverse events. We herein report for the first time …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1),
anti-programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte …

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the third most frequently diagnosed
intracranial tumors, with nonfunctioning PitNETs (nfPitNETs) accounting for 30% of all …

Nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs) are tumors that are not
associated with clinical evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. According to the World Health …

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) are the second most common primary brain
tumors. Despite their prevalence, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical …

Aggressive pituitary tumors (APT) refer to pituitary adenomas exhibiting radiological
invasiveness and an unusually rapid tumor growth rate, or clinically relevant tumor growth …