Pituitary tumors are the third most common intracranial tumors in adults. Treatment of
refractory pituitary tumors is known to be difficult due to limited treatment options. As a …

Pituitary tumors (PTs) can cause significant mortality and morbidity due to limited therapeutic
options. L-type amino acid transporters (LATs), in particular, the LAT1 isoform, is expressed …

Pituitary carcinoma (PC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy that comprises 0.1–0.2% of all
pituitary tumors. PC is defined anatomically as a pituitary tumor that metastasizes outside the …

The pathogenesis of non functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) is a complex process
involving several factors, from molecular to genetic and epigenetic modifications, where …

Introduction Hypophysitis is an inflammation of the pituitary gland and a rare case of
hypopituitarism. Despite the expanding spectrum of histological variants and causative …

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has previously been studied in pituitary
neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs), but its role in tumour biology and aggressiveness …

Background The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)
pathway, which plays a crucial role in cancer immune surveillance, is the target of several …

Background Invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) remain challenging due to
their high complication rate and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify the distinctive …

Introduction: The incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the oncologists' arsenal is
a milestone in cancer therapeutics, though not being devoid of toxicities. Areas covered: The …

Background Pituitary adenoma is one of the most common brain tumors. Most pituitary
adenomas are benign and can be cured by surgery and/or medication. However, some …