Hypomagnesemia is 10-fold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) than in
the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a
role in the development of arterial hypertension and heart failure, two co-morbidities …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are new oral glucose-lowering
agents that provide cardiovascular and renal protection in both patients with and without …

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a huge burden in patients with type 2
diabetes (T2DM). This review therefore has the aim of assessing the add-on value of new …

Diabetes and osteoporosis are two common diseases with different complications. Despite
different therapeutic strategies, managing these diseases and reducing their burden have …

Peripheral vestibular disease can be treated with several approaches (eg, maneuvers,
surgery, or medical approach). Comorbidity is common in elderly patients, so polytherapy is …

Drugs that protect against cardiovascular events in the patient with diabetes may also
positively or negatively affect glycaemic control in the patient with established diabetes and …

Heart failure (HF) is an underappreciated complication of diabetes. HF occurs in individuals
with diabetes at higher rates, even in the absence of other HF risk factors such as coronary …

Water constitutes about 60% of the average adult body weight and is responsible for many
physiological processes in the human body. Thus, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is …

Background Controversies exist regarding the optimal blood pressure (BP) level that is safe
and provides cardiovascular protection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and …