Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease resulting in the hardening and thickening of the
wall of arteries and the formation of plaques, which comprise immune cells, mesenchymal …

Before a lead compound goes through a clinical trial, preclinical studies utilize two‐
dimensional (2D) in vitro models and animal models to study the pharmacodynamics and …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) encompasses the range of disease from initial
alterations in the cell biology of the leaflets to end-stage calcification resulting in left …

Elastomeric, fully degradable, and biocompatible biomaterials are rare, with current options
presenting significant limitations in terms of ease of functionalization and tunable …

The hallmarks of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) are the significant changes that occur
in the organization, composition, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix …

Carcinoid heart disease was one of the first valvular pathologies studied in molecular detail,
and early research identified serotonin produced by oncogenic enterochromaffin cells as the …

Cardiac valves function in a mechanically complex environment, opening and closing close
to a billion times during the average human lifetime, experiencing transvalvular pressures …

Fibrotic cardiac disease, a leading cause of death worldwide, manifests as substantial loss
of function following maladaptive tissue remodeling. Fibrosis can affect both the heart valves …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality and, given its association with age, the prevalence of CAVD is expected to continue …

The mature aortic valve is composed of a structured trilaminar extracellular matrix that is
interspersed with aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) and covered by endothelium …